Washing hands well and often is the best way to prevent the spread of viruses that can cause bronchiolitis and other infections. Reviewed by: Anoop K. Palta, MD. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size.
What Is Bronchiolitis? Bronchiolitis is more common during the winter months. Most cases can be managed at home. The first symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually the same as those of a cold: stuffy nose and congestion runny nose cough fever Usually, symptoms get better on their own. Who Gets Bronchiolitis? Bronchiolitis: most often affects infants and young children because their small airways can easily get blocked is most common during the first 2 years of life, especially in very young babies is more common in premature babies, children with lung or heart problems, and kids with weak immune systems Kids who go to childcare, have siblings in school, or are around secondhand smoke have a higher risk for bronchiolitis.
What Causes Bronchiolitis? How Is Bronchiolitis Diagnosed? How Is Bronchiolitis Treated? Is Bronchiolitis Contagious?
How Long Does Bronchiolitis Last? Coronavirus Resource Center. Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy Continue. Save Preferences. Privacy Policy Terms of Use. Twitter Facebook. This Issue. Citations 3. View Metrics. Advice for Patients. November 2, Article Information. Klassen, MSc, MD.
Previously healthy infants may have increased risk of aspiration during respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. Nasogastric hydration versus intravenous hydration for infants with bronchiolitis: a randomised trial.
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Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Am Fam Physician. Steiner RW. Treating acute bronchiolitis associated with RSV. This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP.
Contact afpserv aafp. Want to use this article elsewhere? Get Permissions. Read the Issue. Sign Up Now. Next: Uterine Fibroids: Diagnosis and Treatment. Jan 15, Issue. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Children. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations. B 4 , 15 , 16 Bronchodilators, systemic or inhaled corticosteroids, and epinephrine should not be administered to infants and children with bronchiolitis. A 4 , 24 , 28 , 30 Antibiotics should not be administered to children with RSV bronchiolitis unless a bacterial infection is confirmed or suspected.
B 4 , 37 Palivizumab Synagis should be given in the first year of life to infants born before 29 weeks' gestation or to infants born before 32 weeks' gestation who have chronic lung disease. Society of Hospital Medicine Pediatric Do not routinely use bronchodilators in children with bronchiolitis. Enlarge Print Table 1.
It causes inflammation and congestion in the small airways bronchioles of the lung. Bronchiolitis is almost always caused by a virus. Typically, the peak time for bronchiolitis is during the winter months. Bronchiolitis starts out with symptoms similar to those of a common cold, but then progresses to coughing, wheezing and sometimes difficulty breathing. Symptoms of bronchiolitis can last for several days to weeks.
Most children get better with care at home. A small percentage of children require hospitalization. After this, there may be a week or more of difficulty breathing or a whistling noise when the child breathes out wheezing. If it's difficult to get your child to eat or drink and his or her breathing becomes more rapid or labored, call your child's doctor.
This is especially important if your child is younger than 12 weeks old or has other risk factors for bronchiolitis — including premature birth or a heart or lung condition. Bronchiolitis occurs when a virus infects the bronchioles, which are the smallest airways in your lungs. The infection makes the bronchioles swell and become inflamed. Mucus collects in these airways, which makes it difficult for air to flow freely in and out of the lungs. Most cases of bronchiolitis are caused by the respiratory syncytial virus RSV.
RSV is a common virus that infects just about every child by 2 years of age. Outbreaks of RSV infection occur every winter, and individuals can be reinfected, as previous infection does not appear to cause lasting immunity.
Bronchiolitis also can be caused by other viruses, including those that cause the flu or the common cold. The viruses that cause bronchiolitis are easily spread. You can contract them through droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. You can also get them by touching shared objects — such as utensils, towels or toys — and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
Bronchiolitis typically affects children under the age of 2 years. Infants younger than 3 months of age are at greatest risk of getting bronchiolitis because their lungs and immune systems aren't yet fully developed. Other factors that are linked with an increased risk of bronchiolitis in infants and with more-severe cases include:.
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